Lithium battery is a general term for chemical power sources that use metallic lithium or lithium containing substances as negative electrodes. It is a new type of high specific energy battery system that has been developed in the past decade. The idea of using active metals such as lithium and sodium as negative electrodes for batteries was first proposed by a researcher at the University of California in 1958. In the 1970s, Fukuda Yataro of Panasonic Electric Company in Japan first invented and applied lithium fluoride carbon batteries. From then on, lithium batteries gradually moved from experimental research to practicality and commercialization. Due to the excellent performance of lithium batteries, countries are competing to develop various new types of lithium batteries to meet military and consumer needs, such as lithium iodine batteries (1972), lithium chromic acid batteries (1973), lithium sulfur dioxide batteries (1974), lithium sulfite chloride batteries (1974), lithium copper oxide batteries (1975), lithium manganese dioxide batteries (1976), lithium molybdenum disulfide batteries (1989), lithium-ion batteries (1991), and lithium manganese dioxide batteries (1994). Especially in the early 1990s, Sony Energy Technology of Japan invented and launched high specific energy and long-life lithium-ion batteries, which greatly promoted the development of the lithium-ion battery industry.

Lithium ion batteries have many superior characteristics, such as high energy, high safety, wide operating temperature range, stable operating voltage, and long storage life (compared to other batteries). In terms of safety, lithium-ion batteries are much safer than other batteries. Especially with the implementation of control measures, the safety of lithium-ion batteries has been greatly guaranteed. The battery has undergone abuse tests such as overcharging, short circuit, puncture, and impact (voltage), and no danger has occurred. Lithium ion batteries, like Cd Ni and MH Ni batteries, can charge quickly and have no memory effect, far superior to Cd Ni batteries; Its self discharge rate is much lower than that of MH Ni batteries. From the perspective of environmental protection, the World Environmental Protection Organization has already listed cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), and lead (Pb) as harmful substances. Therefore, the use of batteries containing these three elements is restricted, especially in Europe where some governments have significantly increased environmental taxes on certain batteries, while lithium-ion batteries do not have these issues.

Of course, lithium-ion batteries also have some drawbacks, such as low low-temperature discharge rate and relatively high battery prices.

With the development of new energy vehicles, the innovation of new energy vehicle batteries is also increasing. A new type of automotive battery that uses new energy technologies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions pollution.

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