In order to promote and support the research and trial production of electric vehicles, the United States established the Advanced Battery Association (USABC) in the early 1990s to provide batteries for electric vehicles. The institution has invested 260 million US dollars to support the development of batteries for electric vehicles, mainly lithium-ion batteries. Among them, it has invested 11.8 million US dollars in the development of lithium-ion batteries in the United States, and 85 million US dollars in the development of lithium-ion batteries and lithium-polymer batteries in Quebec, Canada; In addition, $14.5 million has been invested in the development of lithium-ion batteries for Duracell and its partner Varta in Germany. The technical specifications are as follows: the Japanese government has also invested $100 million and developed a plan called LIBES to develop lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles.

With the support of governments around the world, electric vehicles with different performance have successively appeared. Firstly, Sony Corporation of Japan launched an electric vehicle powered by lithium-ion batteries in 1995. The car weighs 1.7T and can carry 4 people. It can travel 200km/h on each charge. The maximum speed can reach 120km/h, and it only takes 12 seconds to accelerate from zero start to 80km/h; The power supply of this car is composed of 96 lithium-ion batteries with a size of 67 * 410mm and LiCoO2 as the positive electrode. Each battery has a capacity of 100Ah, and the specific energy of the entire power system reaches 110Wh/kg, with an energy density of 250Wh/l. Following Sony, Mitsubishi Corporation of Japan launched an electric vehicle in 1996, which uses lithium-ion batteries with LiMn2O4 as the positive electrode as the power supply, and can travel up to 250km in one trip. Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Honda, and others have also introduced electric vehicles Nissan and others have made electric vehicles debut and officially sold lithium-ion battery powered electric vehicles in early 1997. After Japan, some companies in the United States and Europe have also launched their own electric vehicles powered by lithium-ion batteries.

As a future means of transportation, electric vehicles will inevitably compete with the traditional means of transportation - fuel vehicles in terms of entering the market, which puts forward certain requirements on the price and performance of electric vehicles. As far as the performance of the vehicle is concerned, the driving range, acceleration performance, climbing ability, etc. of electric vehicles are more concerned, which largely depends on the performance of batteries as power. The requirements for battery performance generally focus on energy density, power density, cycle life, and other aspects. The industry generally uses USABC's planning as a reference, and specific indicators are as follows:

Specific indicators

After more than 10 years of research and development, the production technology of lithium-ion batteries has gradually matured, approaching or achieving the mid-term goals of USABC in terms of power intensity and cycle life. Compared with traditional lead-acid and nickel hydrogen batteries, lithium-ion batteries have significant advantages in power intensity, as shown in Figure 1.2:

Compared to traditional lead-acid and nickel hydrogen batteries

Lithium ion power batteries represent the direction of battery development. In the power supply of electric vehicles, it will be the most promising power battery. China also attaches great importance to the application and development of lithium-ion batteries. As early as the early 1980s, the development and research of lithium-ion batteries began, and with the efforts of various units in China, fruitful results were achieved. At present, Lei Tian Green Electric Source (Shenzhen) Co, Ltd. has become the first company to achieve industrial production. Its more than 10 models of high-power chromium fluoride lithium power batteries have excellent performance and reasonable prices, and have been put on the market.

In 2002, the world's first electric bus using Lei Tian lithium power battery was put into trial operation on Fuchengmenwai Street in Beijing, marking the arrival of China's electric vehicle era. The national "863" project involved in this paper is to use the 100AH, 384V lithium battery pack provided by Lei Tian Company.

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